初中英语宾语从句讲解(初中英语语法专项——宾语从句)
导语:初中英语必备——宾语从句(请收藏备用)
宾语从句
宾语:位于及物动词(谓语)或介词后的词或短语。
宾语从句三要素:
1. 引导词(分3组)
2. 语序
3. 时态
一、引导词(也叫连接词)
1. 宾从是陈述句(包括肯定句和否定句),用that引导,that不作成分,无含义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
Ø that在以下三种情况不能省略:
(1) 由and连接两个that引导的宾语从句时, 第二个that 不省略.
He told me(that)he would come and that he would come on time.
(2) 当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
(3) 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
v 句型为:主语 + 谓语 + it(形式宾语) + adj. + that引导的宾从(真正宾语)
由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.
eg: He told me( that) he would come and that he would come on time.
2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由whether或if引导, 译为“是否”,不能省。
Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .
Ø 注意whether和if的使用区别:
① 当有or not时就用whether,不用if.
I don’t know whether or not I will stay.
② 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
3. 当宾从是特殊疑问句时,由疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how,等)引导,疑问词在从句中要充当句子成分,有含义,不可省略。
Do you know what he said just now ?
I don’t remember when/where we arrived .
I asked him where/how/why I could get so much money .
(根据自己的需要去选择不同的疑问词)
二、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:先主后谓
(主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分)
三、时态
1. 如果主句是现在的时态 ,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定,(包括一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)
I know he lives here .
I know he lived here ten years ago .
I have heard that he will come tomorrow .
2. 如果主句是过去的时态,那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时, 过去完成时)
I knew who lived here.
He was wondering whether his father would come back tomorrow.
Ø 当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时,即使主句是过去的时态,从句也必须用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.
Ø 从句中有具体时间,而且从句动作发生在主句动作前,从句仍用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was (be) born in 1960.
(born发生在told之前,in 1960是具体时间)
宾语从句的否定转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你是不对的。
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