高中英语语法介词讲解(高中英语介词讲解)

导语：高中英语语法复习（5）介词

考点一　介词的基本用法

常用介词(短语)如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,out of,across等含义较多,应全面把握。

规则1against有“违背,违逆;反对;对……不利;倚;靠;碰撞;预防;衬托”之意。

Vacations help us perform better at work,improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.

假期帮助我们在工作中表现得更好,提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。

规则2 beyond可表示范围、限度,意为“超出,为……所不及”。

“I came to thank you,”she said,surprising me beyond speech.

“我是来感谢你的,”她说,这让我惊讶得说不出话来。

[温馨提示] beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one&39;s control,意为“无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/想象不出来/无法相信/够不着/无法控制”。

规则3 by可表示程度或增减的幅度,还可作“按;以……计;依据”讲。

As far as I know,workers are generally paid by the month.

据我所知,工人们的工资通常按月来付。

规则4 for有“就……而言;从……来看;达,计;为……”之意。

The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.

我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。

规则5 off有“离开;偏离”之意。

She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.

她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。

规则6 across有“横跨”之意。

Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?

你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了?

规则7 on/upon有“刚……就;一……就”之意,后接名词或动词-ing形式。

Upon graduation,Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.

夏洛特一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔,开了一个私人诊所。

规则8 over可表示时间,意为“在……期间;直到……结束”。

①Talks with the teachers&39;s request 应某人的要求

at a loss 不知所措

规则5 其他常考短语

on behalf of 代表

by chance/accident 偶然

after all 毕竟;别忘了

regardless of 不管,不顾

on the whole 总的来说

on the contrary 相反

误区之一　 介词词义的误用

(1)【误】 The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.

【正】 The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.

[分析] on改为over。 over通常指“正对……的上方”,表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置;on指线上或面上的接触点,仅在两个物体互相接触的情况下表示“在……上面”。

(2)【误】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.

【正】 In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.

[分析] with改为by。此处用by表示方式。by writing 意为“通过写信”。本题不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。

误区之二　介词搭配的误用

【误】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.

【正】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.

[分析] be rich in是固定搭配,意为“富含……”。根据语境可知把of改为in。

误区之三　介词的缺失错误

【误】 If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.

【正】 If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for your teacher to lead you outside.

[分析] wait for是固定搭配,意为“等待”,由于其后有宾语your teacher,故需要加介词for。

误区之四　介词的冗余错误

【误】 We,together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.

【正】 We,together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.

[分析] last week本身就是一个完整的时间状语,其前面不要加in或on。

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