各种没血缘关系亲戚叫法是什么(没有血缘关系的亲人英文)
导语:各种没血缘关系亲戚的英文叫法
传统的亲戚我们都知道怎么说,今天来介绍一些没有血缘关系亲戚的英文。有否血缘关系,笼统的说法:
They are not biologically related.
他们生物学上没联系。
All the people in Vietnam's villages usually have a blood relationship.
越南的村庄里所有人通常都有血缘关系。
因为现在社会发展得有点复杂,所以见到以下这些亲戚称谓的几率增加了不少:
1. Foster开头的词,表示寄养:
foster mother 寄养儿的母亲
foster father 寄养儿的父亲
以上统称foster parents寄养父母,整个家称为foster home,寄养家庭。这些词语做形容词用的时候,要加连字符:
foster-home background 来自寄养家庭的背景
foster-parent role 寄养父母的角色或者身份
2. Adopt开头的词,表示收养/领养:
adoptive father 收养子女的父亲
adoptive mother 收养子女的母亲
以上统称adoptive parents收养父母,整个家称为adoptive family,收养家庭。
3. 寄养和领养有什么区别?
我们通过阅读理解的方式来了解。
Adoption differs from fostering in a number of ways. Adoption is a legal process by which all parental rights and responsibilities are permanently transferred to the adoptive parents by a court. The child legally becomes part of the adoptive family, as if they had been born into it, and subsequently (usually) take the family’s surname. Adoption has significant legal, emotional, psychological, and social consequences for the child, the adoptive parents, the birth parents and others.
收养与寄养多处不同。收养是个法律过程,所有父母权利和责任都转移给收养父母。孩子在法律上成为收养家庭的一员,仿佛出生于此家庭,并用该家庭的姓氏。收养对于亲生父母、收养父母以及孩子来说,具有法律、情感、心理以及社会等方面的重大影响。
Fostering, on the other hand, is a way of providing family life for someone else’s child in your own home, when they are unable to live in their birth family for a variety of reasons. Many of the children in care have experienced losses and disruptions in their lives to a greater or lesser extent. Some children may have been traumatised, neglected or abused.
另一方面来说,寄养,则是为那些由于各种原因,无法在亲生父母家庭里生活的孩子提供家庭生活的一种方式。那些孩子,或多或少都经历了(家庭的)失去和分裂。有些孩子可能已经受到伤害、忽视和虐待。
Unlike adoption, fostering is typically for a set period of time and involves shared caring… and the child remains the legal responsibility of the local authority and/or their birth parents. Most children in foster care return to their birth families at some point. Where this is not possible, the local authority will look at alternatives, such as other relatives, or adoption.
不像收养,寄养通常是固定的一段时间内,还包含共享的照顾(比如孤儿院等情况)...孩子与亲生父母或者当地主管部门在法律上的关系依然保留。在某个时刻,寄养的孩子会回到亲生家庭。若回去已然不可能,当地主管部门会寻找替代方法,比如找其他亲戚抚养,或者寻找收养。
近年来比较著名的被收养的人士,就是乔帮主了,他的养父叫Paul Reinhold Jobs,一位高中辍学的机械师。乔帮主因此也跟着姓Jobs。下图是养父母以及乔帮主从小生活的房子,这座房子给了小帮主一个家:
4. 有些特殊亲戚
Step开头的词,表示继、后的概念:
stepmother 继母
stepbrother 同父异母或者同母异父的兄妹
Half开头的词,表示同父异母或者同母异父的:
half sister/brother 同父异母或者同母异父的兄妹
包含这种情况的家庭叫stepfamily或者blended family,组合家庭。这些家庭的子女之间可能是有血缘关系,也可能没有,比如后妈认识亲爸之前生的孩子,或者后爸和亲妈结婚前领养的另一家父母的孩子,等等十分复杂,就不去深究了,都叫step/half得了。我们需要特别注意的是step和后面的mother,brother等词组合的时候是没有空格的,而half与后面的词之间则有空格。
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