导语：大学英语词汇（续）语法篇

八个语法重点

一、非谓语动词

二、虚拟语气

三、 定语从句

四、 状语从句

五、 主谓一致

六、 倒装

七、 情态动词

八、 时态

这期我们主要总结非谓语动词

在主语从句中表示是否只能用whether

Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is hot known .

Do as I say

Like 是介词 ，像...一样。 As 像...一样(连词) like后不加句子

Tell it as it is .实话实说。

Often中ten在一起不发音。同样的还有 listen .

一、 非谓语动词

动词不定式 to do 不定式有时态的变化 ，语态的变化动名词 doing分词 :现在分词，过去分词

(一)动词不定式

1.、动词to是符号

To do 的派生词to be doing(进行时)/tohave ved (完成时)

Eg: It is said that they are having English classes .

They(主语)are said(谓语) to be having English class.

It is said that Mr. smith has gone to USA

Mr. smith is said to have gone to USA Our handout is said to be being printed我们的讲义正在被印刷。

Our handout is said to have been printed我们的讲义被印刷完了。

2、不定式能做的句子成分

(1)作宾语(直接跟不定式)

Eg : decide , choose , want , plan , promise,determine，(决定)+to do Intend to do (打算) afford(买得起，负担得起)

关于attend,tend，intend的对比

Attend 接宾语或名词

Tend to /intend to

Tend趋向于，倾向于intend 目的是

(2)作宾语补足语

Eg: ask sb to do

动词+疑问词+不定式

Eg: know .wonder , explain , learn

I do not know how (疑问词) to answer yourquestion .I learned how to do itI do not know what to say

(3)作补语

不定式作补语的特殊结构

there to be 结构是there be 结构的不定式

Eg: I did not expect there to be so many people there

For(目的) there to be (there be 句型不定式)no mistakes he cheeked it 。

I did expect there were so many people❌

(4) 主语/ 语

Eg:To see(主语)is to believe(表语)

英语中的特殊形式表语

英语中的系动词后的词是表语，等同于主谓宾=主系表

Eg: To learn English well in such a short period is difficult.(头重脚轻)需要借用形式主语it

lt is difficult for us to learn English well in such a short period .加入for us 才非常完整

For us 是tolearn 的辑主语

It is considerate (逻辑主语)of you to do me a favor

用for还是用of取决于形容词

动词不定式可以带自己的逻辑主语，引导逻辑主语通常用介词for;如果形容词是表示人的品行，品德或者特征的时候必须用of引导逻辑主语。

Consider considerate 体贴的，考虑周到的

Considerable 相当大的，可观的(指数量

(5)作定语 ...的

条件后置:动词不定式作名词的宾语要后

动词不定式作定语，如果动词是不及物动词，往往需要加一个介词。

Eg:While traveling you need to find a hotel to live in at night .

修饰a hoteTo live in a hotel 不能说 to live a hotel

I need a pen to write_with .

She has got a chair to sit on

As a captain(船长)，he is always the first one to come to the ship

被修饰的成分有序数词时，只能用动词不定式作定语。

(6)作状语表示目的。条件、元音

Eg: 目的状语 To go to USA he works hard at English ,To be a college teacher you must have doctor&39;t like to smoke now

Like doing 表示习惯。 Like to do 表示

具体的动作

有些动词既可以跟动词不定式和动名词但意思完全不同。

Stop , go on , remember , forget , regret mean

Stop doing 停下来现在做的事情

Stop to do 停下来现在做的事情去做别的事情

Regret doing 后悔做了某事

Regret to do 遗憾的去做某事

Remember doing 记得做过

Remember to do 记得去做

Try doing 试着做某事

Try to do 努力做某事

Go on doing 继续做原来的事

Go on to do 继续做另一件事

Mean doing 意味着

Mean to do 打算

Need，want，require 需要，都可以接动名词和不定式。

Eg : These flowers need watering / to be watered

用动名词时是主动表示被动，用不定式时是被动表被动。

vortn,wortny

Worth+ v-ing (动名词)主动表被动

Be worthyof+动名词主动表被动

Worthy to be done 主动表被动

Eg: He asked the students to work hard

使役动词， let ,make, have，让某人做...,使得感官动词 see,hear,watch,smell, fell,前3个常用，使役动词或感官动词作谓语后的不定式做宾补时，应当省略to

Eg;l saw the thief steal money in the shop

如果使役动词和感官动词是被动语态必须要还原to。

Have sb/sthdo(省略to的不定式)

Doing(让某人一直...)

Done

如果用省略to的不定式，表示的是动作。如果用动名词doing 表示的是动作的持续如果用过去分词作宾补，是让某人做某事，但不提出是谁做的，表示被动或完成。

Eg:He wants to do nothing but go out

He wants to believe nothing but to take the edicine.

He has no choice but to wait

有do没to，没do 有to,(在but后面加不加to取决于其前面的那个词，其中do 是do does，did 表示实义动词则没有to)

eg:Do you mind my(逻辑主语)smoking here

动名词的逻辑主语：1：形容词性物主代词或者所有格

2：人称代词的宾格

3：没有生命的词用普遍格（原形=普遍格）

Eg: the hope of the team (逻辑主语原形)winning the game 赢得比赛的希望 The noise of desks(逻辑主语) being opened and closed could be heard in the distance

动名词+逻辑主语

Eg: The girls being educated in such a good school.主语相当于一个完整的句子，is

有些结构中必须用动名词

have difficulty/troublein doing 有可能省略in 没有in 也用doinghave a good / hard time (in )doinglt is no good/point(意义)/use(有用)/sense(意义)(in) doing sth

Eg: It is no point asking him for help,because he is selfish .

4.There is no good / point/ use/sense /(in )doing sth

(三) 分词

a developing country 发展中国家 表示正在进行 a developed country 发达国家 表示已经完成

现在分词表示现在进行，过去分词表示已经完成

atouching film

the touched audience

现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动

Eg: Seen from the hill top ,the village was make smaller.用ing 还是用ed 取决于主语。

Seeing.from the hill top ,we find the village was make smaller

Have sb doing 让某人一直做某事

Have sb done 分词作宾语的补足语

Eg: Having not heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him,(x)

非谓语动词的否定形式，否定词要放在非谓语动词之前。

No having heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him.(√)

独立主格结构

独立主格结构的基本形式

名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词ving/V ed

Eg:Weatherpermitting(独立主格做状语) we&39;ll go fishing tomorrow(完整的条件状语从句)

名词+现在分词表达的是一个条件。

Weather 是主语，permitting 是谓语但不是主谓结构而是独立主格形式。

怎么判断独立主格

1、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，他独立存在

Eg: All things considered we decidt话 give up

2、独立主格结构的名词或代词和紧随其后的分词构成的主谓关系，但不是主谓结构。

3、独立主格结构和主句一般用逗号隔开逗号连接的不可是完整的单句。

Eg: My bike___, I have to go to school on foot .

A . is being repaired B. being repaired C. has been repaired D. repaired

解析:A和C可构成完整的句子，B和D在结构上均可，但B在句意上合理，故选择B

名词/代词+adj/副词/不定式to do/介词

Eg: He came into the room ,his ears red with cold

He 和his ears 主语不同 ，red 是形容词

He was leapt busy all day ,much work (主语)to do(动词不定式)

He ran out the room ,a knife in (介词)his hand.

With+n.+其他成分(表示伴随的独立主格)

Eg:He was brought to the court (法庭) with his hands tied behind his back

if / whether

as/like 像...一样

只能用whether 表示是否

1、在主语从句和表语从句中表示是否只能用 whether .

Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is not known (主语从句)

The question is whether he is coming to my party.(表语从句)

2、谓语动词是discuss 或wonder时宾语从句表示是否只能用whether。

Eg: We are discussing whether he is coming.to myparty(作宾语)

3、介词后面表示是否只能用whether

They are talking about whether he is coming to my party

4、和ornot 连用时都只能用whether

Whether ...or not

Eg: I do not know if / whether he is coming to my party

As的词性是连词，介词。连词，像...一样。介词，作为... Like 当动词讲是喜欢，当介词讲是像...一样 As当连词讲像...一样，后接句子 Like 当介词讲像...一样，后接名词。

Eg: Like father ,like son .有其父必有其子。

as 当连词讲，像...一样，除了接句子还可以接介词结构，以及过去分词。

Eg: Like in large cities ,net bars also popular in small village .中把like换为as才正确。

As motioned in the last paragraph ,net bars should be banned . 中as 像...一样

As 之后接的是过去分词

Like当动词讲是喜欢，反义词是dislike 不喜欢

Unlike 是不像

Eg: Unlike her brother bill ,Mary was quite.

Likely,unlikely 中likely 是可能的，unlikely是不可能的。

Eg: He is unlikely to come to my party

Be likely to 很有可能的

这期就先总结到这里了，总结不易期待大家的三连，下期将为大家带来更好的总结，期待您的关注！

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