导语：「英语」单数or复数，困扰多年的语法

1、语法一致：

【通常】谓语单复随主语根据主语的单复数形式，判断谓语的单复数【what主语从句】谓语单复从谓表what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式。若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。例：(What they need) are books.他们需要的是书。

2、主谓一致：

谓语动词用单数【and连接·套装】并列主语由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。兼具：The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…)比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijng. 那位工人和那位作家常见的“套装”有下面几种：law and rule law and orde knife and forkbreadnd buter warnd peac cup and saucerhorse and cart watch and chain【每个…和…】修饰主语由不定代词组成或者修饰的主语1) every … and (every)…2) each … and (each)…3) no … and (no)…例：Every desk and every chair ismade of wood. 每张桌子和每把椅子都是木制。【无生命集合词】做主语clothing, furniture, trafic, jewlry, bagage,quipment, lugage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。例：Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.服装在这个水淹地区急需。

【整体复数词】做主语表示时间、距离、金钱……复数名词作主语，表达整体概念例： Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.他离开家乡已经二十年了。【非谓语动词、名词从句】作主语例：Collecting stamps is (what he likes). 他喜欢集邮。

例：(Whateverwas left) wastaken away. 所有剩下的东西都被拿走了。【more than one (many a)+ 名词】作主语a seris of +名词a quantiy of +名词谓语动词用单数。例：Many a student fails to pass the exam.许多学生考试不及格。

谓语动词用复数【专有名词s结尾】由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语例：The Olympic Games arehold once every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。【许多＋名词】作主语a number of /quanties of /a group of +名词 作主语例：Quantitiesof furniturehave been ordered recently.最近订购了大量的家具【复数集合名词】部分集合名词，只能当复数看。如people, police, cattle, folk, personel等例：The cattle are running. 牛正在跑。谓语动词单、复数【集体名词】强调整体用单数，强调个体用复数集体名词class, family, army, team, club, poulation, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, group 等作主语。例：His family is a great one. 他的家庭是个大家庭。例：His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。【分数＋of＋名词】“half / most / enough / part /the rst /the last / lots / plenty/ 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语：谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。例：Three fourths of the surface of the earth is coverd with water. 地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.【the＋adj】某类人（复数）、抽象概念（单数）the+adj表示某一类有某种特征或特性的人时，通常用复数；表示抽象概念，则用单数例：The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富人越来越富，穷人越来越穷。例：The beautiful isnot always the good, and the good is not always the true.美并不总是好的，好也不总是真实的。

3、就近原则：

【通常】谓语单复随最近【连接词】以or, either…or, neither…nor, notnly…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时。例：Neither you nor anybody else knows anything about it.你和其他人都不知道这件事。【there be句型】例：There is a ruler, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil-box.

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